Contagion in the LAC Financial Markets: The Impact of Stock Crises of 2008 and 2010
Abstract
This research aims to evaluate financial contagion in the six main Latin Americ Countries (LAC) markets, as well as in the US, Greece and the EURO STOXX 50 indexes. Achieving this objective will allow us to answer the following questions: is there contagion among the emerging markets of Latin America? If so, what was the most critical moment of this phenomenon, the financial crisis of 2008 or 2010? If there is autocorrelation in the time series, will it be possible to detect serial volatility clusters? The results suggest the existence of financial contagion resulting from the financial crisis of 2008, with no significant contagion during the financial crisis of 2010. In the final phase, stock markets in Latin America have been infected by the subprime financial crisis. However, there was a readjustment in these regional markets during the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010, which could create conditions for implementing portfolio diversification strategies.
References
- Antonakakis, N., Breitenlechner, M., & Scharler, J. (2015). Business cycle and financial cycle spillovers in the G7 countries. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 58, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2015.03.002
- Appiah-Kusi, J., & Menyah, K. (2003). Return predictability in African stock markets. Review of Financial Economics, 12(3), 247–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1058-3300(02)00073-3
- Bahaj, S. (2020). Sovereign spreads in the euro area: Cross border transmission and macroeconomic implications. Journal of Monetary Economics, 110, 116–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.01.006
- Baig, T., & Goldfajn, I. (1999). Financial market contagion in the Asian crisis. IMF Staff Papers, 46(2), 167–195.
- Bejarano-Bejarano, L. V., et al. (2015). Financial contagion in Latin America. Borradores de Economía.
- Bensaïda, A. (2017). The contagion effect in European sovereign debt markets: A regime-switching vine copula approach. International Review of Financial Analysis, 58, 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2017.09.013
- Bhimjee, D. C., Ramos, S. B., & Dias, J. G. (2016). Banking industry performance in the wake of the global financial crisis. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48, 376–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2016.01.005
- Brock, W. A., & De Lima, P. J. F. (1996). Nonlinear time series, complexity theory, and finance. In Handbook of statistics (Vol. 11, pp. 317–361). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7161(96)14013-X
- Calvo, S. G., & Reinhart, C. M. (1996). Capital flows to Latin America: Is there evidence of contagion effects? (Policy Research Working Paper No. 1619).
- Caramazza, F., Ricci, L. A., & Salgado, R. (2000). Trade and financial contagion in currency crises (IMF Working Paper).
- Chen, G.-M., Firth, M., & Rui, O. M. (2002). Stock market linkages: Evidence from Latin America. Journal of Banking & Finance, 26(6), 1113–1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00160-1
- Cho, S. S., Hyde, S., & Nguyen, N. (2015). Time-varying regional and global integration and contagion: Evidence from style portfolios. International Review of Financial Analysis, 42, 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2014.10.007
- Clemente, J., Montañés, A., & Reyes, M. (1998). Testing for a unit root in variables with a double change in the mean. Economics Letters, 59(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(98)00052-4
- Corradin, S., & Maddaloni, A. (2020). The importance of being special: Repo markets during the crisis. Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.02.006
- Corsetti, G., Pericoli, M., & Sbracia, M. (2005). “Some contagion, some interdependence”: More pitfalls in tests of financial contagion. Journal of International Money and Finance, 24(8), 1177–1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2005.08.012
- Dias, R., Da Silva, J. V., & Dionísio, A. (2019). Financial markets of the LAC region: Does the crisis influence the financial integration? International Review of Financial Analysis, 63, 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.008
- Díaz, A. F., Grau-Carles, P., & Mangas, L. E. (2002). Nonlinearities in the exchange rates returns and volatility. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 316(1–4), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01203-7
- Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
- Dungey, M., et al. (2006). Contagion in international bond markets during the Russian and the LTCM crises. Journal of Financial Stability, 2(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2005.01.001
- Ehrmann, M., & Fratzscher, M. (2017). Euro area government bonds—Fragmentation and contagion during the sovereign debt crisis. Journal of International Money and Finance, 70, 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2016.08.005
- Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation. Econometrica, 50(4), 987–1007. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912773
- Fisher, R. A. (1930). Inverse probability. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 26(4), 528–535. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100016297
- Forbes, K. J., & Rigobon, R. (2002). No contagion, only interdependence: Measuring stock market comovements. The Journal of Finance, 57(5), 2223–2261. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094510
- Gómez-Puig, M., & Sosvilla-Rivero, S. (2016). Causes and hazards of the euro area sovereign debt crisis: Pure and fundamentals-based contagion. Economic Modelling, 56, 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.03.017
- Grubel, H. G., & Fadner, K. (1971). The interdependence of international equity markets. The Journal of Finance, 26(1), 89–94.
- Hernández, L. F., & Valdés, R. O. (2001). What drives contagion. International Review of Financial Analysis, 10(3), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-5219(01)00052-7
- Kaminsky, G. R., Lyons, R. K., & Schmukler, S. L. (2004). Managers, investors, and crises: Mutual fund strategies in emerging markets. Journal of International Economics, 64(1), 113–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(03)00075-8
- Karanasos, M., Yfanti, S., & Karoglou, M. (2016). Multivariate FIAPARCH modelling of financial markets with dynamic correlations in times of crisis. International Review of Financial Analysis, 45, 332–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2014.09.002
- Kenourgios, D. (2014). On financial contagion and implied market volatility. International Review of Financial Analysis, 34, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2014.05.001
- Kwiatkowski, D., et al. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root. Journal of Econometrics, 54(1), 159–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(92)90104-Y
- Lim, K. P., & Hinich, M. J. (2005). Cross-temporal universality of non-linear dependencies in Asian stock markets. Economics Bulletin, 7(1).
- Ljung, G. M., & Box, G. E. P. (1978). On a measure of lack of fit in time series models. Biometrika, 65(2), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/65.2.297
- Luchtenberg, K. F., & Vu, Q. V. (2015). The 2008 financial crisis: Stock market contagion and its determinants. Research in International Business and Finance, 33, 178–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2014.09.007
- Mandelbrot, B. (1963). The variation of certain speculative prices. The Journal of Business, 36(4), 394–419.
- Peters, E. E. (2015). Fractal market analysis: Applying chaos theory to investment and economics. Wiley.
- Pindyck, R. S., & Rotemberg, J. J. (1990). The excess co-movement of commodity prices. The Economic Journal, 100(403), 1173–1189.
- Van Rijckeghem, C., & Weder, B. (2001). Sources of contagion: Is it finance or trade? Journal of International Economics, 54(2), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(00)00095-7
- Shahzad, S. J. H., et al. (2017). Risk transmission between Islamic and conventional stock markets: A return and volatility spillover analysis. International Review of Financial Analysis, 52, 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2017.04.005
- Taylor, J. B. (1986). New econometric approaches to stabilization policy in stochastic models of macroeconomic fluctuations. In Handbook of econometrics (Vol. 3). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4412(86)03014-3
- Ters, K., & Urban, J. (2018). Intraday dynamics of credit risk contagion before and during the euro area sovereign debt crisis: Evidence from Central Europe. International Review of Economics & Finance, 54, 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2017.08.002
- Tola, A., & Waelti, S. (2015). Deciphering financial contagion in the euro area during the crisis. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 55, 108–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2014.09.009